Joseph Swensen -《布拉姆斯：小提琴协奏曲、匈牙利舞曲》(Brahms – Violin Concerto & Hungarian Dances)[SACD-r]

专辑英文名: Brahms – Violin Concerto & Hungarian Dances
专辑中文名: 布拉姆斯：小提琴协奏曲、匈牙利舞曲
艺术家: Joseph Swensen
古典类型: 全集作品
版本: [SACD-r]
发行时间: 2004年06月14日
地区: 美国
语言: 英语
简介: 
专辑介绍:
罗伯特．麦格杜飞以其英挺俊美的外貌、优越非凡的琴技，而被封称为当代的小提琴王子，过去他在康泽尔指挥下所灌录的《情定维也纳》小提琴小品集（CD-80402），以及列维指挥下的美国作曲家巴伯之《小提琴协奏曲》（CD-80441）都获得乐迷与评论的一致好评。
布拉姆斯《匈牙利舞曲》第五号（Hungarian Dance No.5 In G Minor）
1853年，时年20岁的布拉姆斯随同匈牙利籍的小提琴家雷梅尼（Eduard Remenye）到欧陆各地演出，在旅途上经由雷梅尼的介绍，而喜欢上匈牙利的音乐作品，尤其是风格独特的吉普赛音乐，也就是大约从这个时候开始，布拉姆斯开始创作《匈牙利舞曲》。
1869年布拉姆斯将《匈牙利舞曲》十首以钢琴曲的形式分成上下两集出版问世，因为这些曲子是以所谓的吉普赛音阶的特殊音阶所作成的作品，融入了浓厚的吉普赛音乐旋律，在显著的速度变化之中奏出自由的节奏，具有极特殊的风格，更有深厚的艺术气息，结果大受欢迎。事实上不仅布拉姆斯的音乐曾使用吉普赛音阶作曲，李斯特的《匈牙利狂想曲》与萨拉沙泰的《流浪者之歌》也都曾出现这种特殊的节奏特徵。
但是广受喜好的《匈牙利舞曲》却惹来不小的纠纷。因为《匈牙利舞曲》风行欧陆各地后，招致匈牙利音乐家们的妒恨，纷纷出面指称布拉姆斯抄袭他们的作品，侵害了他们的权益。不过为布拉姆斯出版这部《匈牙利舞曲》的柏林琴洛克出版社提出反控，声称：「《匈牙利舞曲》是布拉姆斯费心重新编曲的作品集，并非当成自我创作而发表，因此并未冠上自己的作品编号，他并没有侵害别人的权益。」最后布拉姆斯赢得这场官司。布拉姆斯高兴之下，继续将《匈牙利舞曲》编写下去，接二连三地出版了第三集、第四集，整部舞曲共有二十一首之多，其中并以第五号与第六号最膾炙人口。
布拉姆斯：匈牙利舞曲集
布拉姆斯在1850年代前半，伴随犹太裔匈牙利小提琴家雷梅尼（Eduard Remenyi ，1830-1898）在德国各地旅行演奏。他当雷梅尼的伴奏者。当时雷梅尼告诉他有关吉普赛民族音乐的事情，而他对这种音乐发生很大的兴趣。雷梅尼善於表现吉普赛风格的演奏，因此经常演奏吉普赛音乐。布拉姆斯以为这是匈牙利的民族舞曲，认真採谱编曲，1867年以最初的6首钢琴联弹曲送到吉姆洛克出版社出版遭拒，直到1869年出版第1、2集10曲才得到好评。1880年又出版第3、4集11曲。这21首钢琴联弹曲形成布拉姆斯的「匈牙利舞曲集（Hungarian Dances ）」。1872年，布拉姆斯本人把第1~10号10曲改编为独奏曲出版。布拉姆斯出版这些作品时，很谦虚的说他是「编曲」，而没说是他「作曲」，因此也没有编作曲号码。
这些作品常常也以管弦乐演奏，但由布拉姆斯本人改编的只有第1、3、10号3曲，这是1874年2月5日在莱比锡由布拉姆斯指挥演奏的演奏会之用者。其他各号，有许多作曲家与指挥家改编为管弦乐曲，其中特别值得注意的，是德弗乍克改编的第17-21号。还有布拉姆斯的友人小提琴家姚阿幸把这些曲子改编为小提琴曲，小提琴家克莱斯勒改编为小提琴曲的第17号也很有名。
布拉姆斯所发表的前两集「匈牙利舞曲集」，可能因带有哀愁的旋律，轻快的节奏，华丽的装饰音而甚受欢迎，布拉姆斯的名声也大为喧嚷。这些作品，有的短到1分鐘前后，有的却有4分鐘长。
雷梅尼见此很不以为然，乃兴起诉讼，告布拉姆斯窃作。幸好布拉姆斯没有把这些作品做为自己的创作，只说是编曲而胜诉。然而这次对簿公堂的事件给布拉姆斯一个警惕，在后面两集中尽量使用他自己的旋律，即使採用吉普赛音乐时，也彻底予以编曲以避免受到「窃作攻击」。结果前10曲与后11曲的风格相差很多，后11曲很显然的具有布拉姆斯精湛的句法，却已看不到前10曲所有的奔放的吉普赛风格。於是比较受人喜爱的作品集中在前10曲。
布拉姆斯因「匈牙利舞曲集」的成功而信心大增，乃提议德弗乍克写「斯拉夫舞曲集」赚钱。不过德弗乍克不是编曲，而是採用民族舞曲的特徵与性格写自己的主题以完成其曲集。德弗乍克把「匈牙利舞曲第4集」改编为管弦乐曲已如前述。
所有布拉姆斯的匈牙利舞曲当中，最有名的恐怕是第5号，这大概受卓别林在电影「伟大的独裁者（The Great Dictator）」的理髮场景使用此曲而让此曲出名。
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=monaXOpmH1U
这首第5号是布拉姆斯根据作曲家兼指挥家克莱尔‧贝勒（Kler Bla ，1820-1882）所写查尔达斯舞曲（csrds ）而成。当时，布拉姆斯以为这是匈牙利民族音乐。
这些舞曲大都採用3段体，以奔放热情的节奏与漂浮哀愁的旋律为其特徵。缓慢的lassan部分与急速的 friska部分活泼的交替出现，成为趣味所在。这些作品很容易欣赏，（也因此而很快就被大眾接受喜爱），因此不作详细的分析介绍。
引用Release Date June 14, 2004
Label Linn Records
Format Super Audio Hybrid CD
Duration 01:12:18
Catalog # 224
‘...lively and zest filled performances.' The Telegraph
'Brahms's Hungarian Dances are as colourful, fast-paced and brilliant as one could wish for, and under Swensen's powerful command the orchestra gives a fantastically spirited performance.' The Strad
‘Swensen is a player of real distinction, and this new performance lets us hear Brahms's orchestral writing with a rare clarity too.
Highly enjoyable.' IRR
‘It's just about perfect.' 10/10 ClassicsToday.com
The beguiling lyrical melodies of the Violin Concerto belie its formidable technical demands; Swensen proves the master of Brahms' frequent use of multiple stopping, broken chords, rapid scale passages and shifting rhythms. Playing a 1715 Stradivarius Swensen showcases honeyed tone colours with effortless bravura executing Joachim's dazzling Cadenza with aplomb.
Swensen's authoritative command produces well-characterised and energetic performances in the selection of Hungarian Dances orchestrated by Dvorak, Schmeling and Brahms himself, among others. Guided by Swensen the SCO give dynamic, technically assured and intimate readings overflowing with the subtle touches and flourishes.
Violin Concerto & Hungarian Dances
Background
In the 1850s Johannes Brahms encountered two Hungarian violinists, Eduard Remenyi and Joseph Joachim, both of whom were to have a profound impact on the direction of his musical career. Remenyi was one of the many Hungarian exiles who had ended up in Hamburg while en route to America in the aftermath of the 1848 revolution. A gifted violinist who had studied at the conservatory in Vienna, he was particularly renowned for his virtuosic performances of the wild and exciting music that was played by Hungary's Romani gypsies in coffee shops and bars across central Europe. This music was widely believed to be the indigenous folk music of Hungary. However, it was actually an amalgam of various Hungarian styles, interpreted by the gypsies to create a distinct genre that sounded decidedly exotic to Western ears. The style enjoyed enormous popularity in the nineteenth century, and was seized upon by composers such as Weber, Schubert, Liszt and Brahms, whose spirited evocations of the music can be seen in their numerous style hongrois compositions.
Remenyi and Brahms often played together in Hamburg, Brahms improvising piano accompaniments to Remenyi's Hungarian dances and, in 1853, the two embarked on a concert tour of North Germany. They made an odd couple, Remenyi's theatrical nature providing a stark contrast to the shy and earnest young German and, unsurprisingly, they went their separate ways midway through the tour. Before they parted company however, Remenyi introduced Brahms to his fellow compatriot, Joseph Joachim. Like Remenyi, Joachim was an enthusiastic champion of Hungarian gypsy music. However, he approached composing and performing with a gravitas that was much more suited to Brahms' outlook. The more experienced Joachim took Brahms under his wing immediately, introducing him to the Schumann circle and offering him endless compositional advice. The pair studied counterpoint together, played Bach together and quickly laid the foundations for what was to become a lifelong friendship and musical partnership.
The Works
Brahms wrote the Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 77 in the summer of 1878 while holidaying in the idyllic setting of Portschach in the Styrian Alps, the place where, a year earlier, he had written his Second Symphony. Immediate parallels can be drawn between the two works: both are in D major, have a first movement in triple time with a triadic first subject and are pervaded by the new-found self confidence and inner calm that manifested itself in Brahms' writing following the completion of his long-awaited First Symphony.
The Concerto was written specifically with Joachim in mind and, as soon as the violin part was finished in August 1878, Brahms sent it to his friend, writing: 'Now I'll be satisfied if you say a word, and maybe write in a few: difficult, uncomfortable, impossible, etc.' Joachim happily stepped in as advisor, and over the next few months made numerous suggestions regarding violin figurations, bowing and orchestral textures. The pair corresponded repeatedly over the work until its premiere in Leipzig on New Year's Day 1879, and Brahms continued to tinker with it until its eventual publication in October 1879. Characteristically, although eager for advice, Brahms was not always willing to take Joachim's proposals on board, and often did not make the alterations suggested by the latter. Nevertheless, the resulting product represents a masterful display of violin writing inspired by the integrity of Joachim's style. The violinistic qualities of the Concerto were not, however, universally recognised when it first appeared. Josef Hellmesberger, after conducting the premiere of the work, famously remarked that it was a Concerto 'not for, but against the violin', an attitude that was undoubtedly a reaction to the unprecedented symphonic scope of the work. Reflecting Brahms' and Joachim's respect for their Germanic musical heritage, the Concerto builds on the legacy of the violin concertos of Beethoven and Mendelssohn, reconciling the nineteenth-century demand for virtuosity with the intellectual rigour required of the symphony.
The first movement is conceived in an utterly symphonic manner, involving a grand scale orchestral exposition and an elaborate working out of the thematic material in the solo part. Yet the movement is pervaded by a sense of warmth that belies its compositional intricacies, and moments such as the waltz-like elaboration of the second subject, when it is first taken by the solo violin, exude a cheerful contentment reminiscent of the Second Symphony. Brahms declined to write a cadenza for the movement, leaving this task to Joachim instead. Alternative cadenzas have since been composed by the likes of Busoni and Tovey. However, Joachim's cadenza, which can be heard on this recording, appropriately remains the most popular.
Each of the three movements of the Concerto reveals a different dimension of Brahms' multi-faceted compositional persona and, if the first movement epitomises Brahms the symphonist, it is Brahms the song composer who emerges in the lyrical second movement. Written to replace the two middle movements he had originally sketched out for the Concerto, this 'feeble Adagio', as Brahms described it to Joachim, contains some of the composer's most intimate writing. The movement is built on a gentle melody, the beauty of which lies in its simplicity. The melody is stated first by solo oboe, accompanied by a rich blend of woodwind, and is then treated to a stream of seamless variations by the solo violin.
The final movement of the Concerto, an exuberant 'Rondo alla Zingarese' (rondo in the Hungarian style), draws on Brahms' love of Hungarian gypsy music. Clearly an homage to Joachim who had written a finale in the style hongrois for his own Hungarian Concerto of 1861, Brahms managed to immerse himself far deeper in the style than his Hungarian friend. The bravura virtuosity of the solo violin part is very much in the gypsy spirit and the movement exudes an enormous energy, impelled by restless dotted rhythmic figures and syncopations. It contains an extended coda in which the rondo theme is transformed into a high spirited Hungarian style march, providing a fitting climax to the Concerto.
Although Brahms' earliest arrangements of the Hungarian Dances date back to the 1850s, no doubt resulting from his partnership with Remenyi, it was not until 1869 that the first ten dances were published by Simrock in an arrangement for piano duet. The piano duet was the ideal medium for domestic consumption and, unsurprisingly, given the popularity of the style hongrois, the dances met with immediate success. Eager to build on their popularity, Simrock persuaded Brahms to arrange a number of them for orchestra, and subsequently his orchestrations of Nos. 1, 3 and 10 were published in 1874. A further set of dances was issued in 1881, again in an arrangement for piano duet, but Brahms did not orchestrate any more of the dances. This task was undertaken instead by some of his most dedicated supporters, most notably by Antonin Dvorak, who orchestrated Nos. 17-21, and claimed that the dances exerted a direct influence on his own Slavonic Dances.
Brahms described himself as the arranger rather than composer of the dances and tellingly published both sets without an opus number. Yet there has been considerable debate about the origins of the various melodies and Remenyi went so far as to level accusations of plagiarism at Brahms. Brahms undoubtedly learned some from the latter and probably picked up others in coffee shops in Hamburg and Vienna. He did, however, also compose a number of the tunes himself; according to Joachim, he wrote Nos. 11, 14 and 16. The Dances contain a kaleidoscope of Hungarian colours, ranging from the plaintive parallel thirds and sixths that open the sixth dance to the florid ornamentations in the seventh. The Verbunkos features prominently in dances Nos. 1-10. A recruiting dance played by gypsies for the Hungarian army, the Verbunkos and its more formalised derivative, the Csardas, alternate slow sections called lassan with faster friska sections. The lassan sections tend to be majestic and dignified, and often characterized by a strong dotted rhythmic figure, such as that found in the opening section of dances Nos. 1, 5 and 8.
The contrasting friska sections contain lively virtuosic music, rife with cross rhythms and syncopations. Ubiquitous in these sections is the characteristic alla zoppa (‘limping') rhythm, a short-long-short rhythmic figure that Brahms uses extensively in the faster sections of his dances.
The issue of authenticity is one that raises its head repeatedly with regard to the style hongrois. Was Brahms aware that the style was not indigenous to Hungary? Probably not. However, even if he had known, it is unlikely that he would have been too concerned. When doubt was shed on the authenticity of his favourite collection of folk songs, he wrote to Philip Spitta: 'Not a folk tune? Fine, so then we have one more cherished composer,' an attitude he would almost certainly have taken with his beloved Hungarian Dances.
© Elaine Kelly, 2004
Recording information:
Recorded at Usher Hall, Edinburgh, UK, July 7-9 2003
Produced by Andrew Keener
Engineered by Philip Hobbs & Calum Malcolm
Post-production by Julia Thomas
Produced using Linn 328A Monitors
[DST 5.1, 2.0 1bit/2822,4kHz |SACD-R]<Classical>
Brahms - Violin Concerto and Hungarian Dances - Joseph Swensen · Scottish Chamber Orchestra
FLAC 96kHz / 24bit (Studio Master) | Stereo | Linn Records CKD 224 [2004] | 1.40 GB | 3% RAR | MU, FS
Another triumphant success for director Joseph Swensen and the Scottish Chamber Orchestra. Under Swensen's powerful command the orchestra gives a fantastically spirited performance: a thoroughly appealing disc
Brahms wrote the Violin Concerto op. 77 in the summer of 1878 while holidaying in the idyllic setting of Pörtschach in the Styrian Alps, the place where, a year earlier, he had written his Second Symphony. Immediate parallels can be drawn between the two works: both are in D major, have a first movement in triple time with a triadic first subject, and are pervaded by the new-found self confidence and inner calm that manifested itself in Brahms’s writing following the completion of his long-awaited First Symphony.
专辑曲目: 
Violin Concerto in D major Op. 77
01 Allegro non troppo(23:11)
02 Adagio (8:49)
03 Allegro giocoso, ma non troppo vivace (8:26)
Hungarian Dances:
04 No.1 in G minor (orch Brahms)(2:56)
05 No.8 in A minor (orch Gal) (2:41)
06 No.19 in B minor (orch Dvorak) (1:57)
07 No.2 in D minor (orch Hallen) (2:38)
08 No.18 in D (orch Dvorak) (1:19)
09 No.9 in E minor (orch Gal) (1:58)
10 No.21 in E minor (orch Dvorak) (1:13)
11 No.20 in E minor (orch Dvorak) (2:31)
12 No.3 in F (orch Brahms) (2:30)
13 No.6 in D (orch Schmeling) (3:14)
14 No.7 in A (orch Schmeling) (1:29)
15 No.10 in F (orch Brahms) (1:30)
16 No.17 in F# (orch Dvorak) (2:53)
17 No.5 in G minor (orch Schmeling) (2:20)
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